Sharing Heartbeat: Toward Conducting Heartrate and Speech Rhythm through Tactile Presentation of Pseudo-heartbeats

Currently, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic makes physical contact, such as handshakes, difficult. However, physical contact is effective in strengthening the bonds between people. In this study, we aim to compensate for the physical contact lost during the COVID-19 pandemic by presenting a pseudo-heartbeat through a speaker to reproduce entrainment and the synchronized state of heartbeats induced by physiological synchronization. We evaluated the effects of the device in terms of speech rhythm and heart rate. The experimental results showed that a presentation of 80 BPM significantly reduced the difference in heart rate between the two participants, bringing them closer to a synchronized heart rate state. The heart rates of participants were significantly lower when 45 BPM and 80 BPM were presented than when no stimulus was given. Furthermore, when 45 BPM was presented, the silent periods between conversations were significantly more extended than when no stimulus was given. This result indicates that this device can intentionally create the entrainment phenomenon and a synchronized heart rate state, thereby producing the same effect of physical contact communication without contact. © 2022 Owner/Author.

Impaired Humoral Response to Second Dose of BNT162b2 Messenger RNA COVID-19 Vaccine in Kidney Transplant Recipients in Japan: Prospective Observational Study

Purpose: The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has a major impact on solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, with mortality rate up to 22%. The effect of SARS-CoV-2 vaccination are known to have poor responses even after 2nddose in SOT in Europe and the United States. We investigated immune response by detecting SARS-CoV-2 antibody (Ab) post two-doses of messenger RNA (mRNA)-based SARS-CoV-2 vaccinesin Japanese renal transplant recipients as prospective observational study. Method(s): 352 recipients who have no history of COVID-19, were confirmed no SARS-CoV-2 antibody before vaccination and received 2nd dose of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine are enrolled in this study.Antibody detection test was performed by using the Roche Elecsys Anti-SARS-CoV-2 immunoassay after more than 4weeks following 2nddose of it. Negative for N-Ab (0.4U/ml>) and positive for S-Ab (0.8U/ml<) considered to be positive for SARS-CoV-2 Ab.As a healthy control, SARS-CoV-2 Ab was determined in 990 healthy volunteers (HV) as well as 98 kidney donors as control for chronic kidney disease (Donor). Result(s): The rate of positive for S-Ab was 56.2% in recipients while that was 100% in HV and Donor. Titer of S-Ab (U/ml) was 77 in recipients although that was 2400 in HV and 1100 in Donor, respectively, which indicating significantly lower in recipients. (Fig. 1) Interestingly, positive rate for s-Ab by detecting time following 2ndvaccination in recipients was 44% in 4-6 weeks, 54% in 6-8 weeks, 67% in 8-10 weeks, 72% in 10-12 weeks, 80% in 12-weeks, which suggesting that recipients have delayed response to 2ndvaccination while that was 100% in any time point in HV and Donor. (Fig.2) Moreover, to elucidate difference between responder (n=198) and non-responder (n=154) in recipients, we compared clinical background that influencedoutcome. In non-responder, there were significant difference in older age at vaccination, less lymphocyte, previousdoses of rituximab, concomitant use of mycophenolate mofetil and oral administration of more than three immunosuppressants. (Table.1) Conclusion(s): Kidney recipients have delayed response with lower titer of SARSCoV- 2 antibodyfollowing second dose of mRNA-based COVID-19 Vaccine.